How the World move on...........?

Normally we people see as we are shown by our friends,our teachers, our limits to see anything what we are having around.

We know Windows well, we know mac well we a little lake in knowledge to know Linux...

Now In forward post we will again start to learn Linux and the advantages to learn and even where it used we will see in depth .....

Thanks to read ...

Krunal Patel

File system :

Files are organized in single rooted inverted tree structure. Filesystem begins at root directory, represented by a lone / (forward slash)….
There are many files… said to be scripts are stored in /etc
Medias such as CDs DVDs Pendrives or any external media are stored in /media or /mnt … It is mounted under these two folders.
Home directory for root and other users are …. /root ane /home/username
Kernel and Bootloader information are Stored in /boot
Server data are stored in /srv and /var
System Info. : /proc , /sys


Command
5. pwd - is used for present working directory
6. cd – change directory
7. ls - to list the directory
8. cp – copy files and folders
9. mv – to move or rename files and directory
10. touch – to create empty files…
11. rm – removes ,
12. rmdir – remove directory
13. mkdir – make directory
More options and information you can search by man command

Command Line Interface

1.  Press Ctrl + Alt + F1

2.  Type username and password as root and redhat or whatever the password

3.  Now if you enter using root you will get # prompt

4.  If you have entered using other user you will get $ prompt

5.  # is fully privileged $ is unprivileged so in some commands it will ask for root password not only in  CLI but also in GUI

COMMANDS

Normal format for Linux Commands

command options arguments

Rules

-Each item is separated by space

-Argument is given by -a -b or -ab etc

- For help of any command add --help at end of the same

- Multiple commands are separated by ; e.g. ls ; vim …..

Commands…….

1. date – displays date and time ….

e.g. date +”today is %A, %B %d, %Y. %nIT is %r, %Z.”

here %A is date e.g. Friday for %a -> fri

%B is month e.g. January for %b -> jan

%d is date

%Y is indicates year e.g. 2006 for %y ->06

%r is time in am or pm e.g. 12:06:23 PM and for %R is 23:23

%Z is indicates time zone e.g. EST and for %z -> +05:30 (means GMT + 05:30)

We can also apply date to see current date and time…….

2.  cal  - display calendar

Shows calendar for present year

->  cal 09  à will show calendar for year 2009 

-> cal 9 2010 -> will show 9^th month year 2010

->  So abbreviation is  simple….whatever is first is month if 2 parameter and if single than its year

3. whatis  - Displays short description for any command

e.g. whatis cal  shows the description for cal command

   4. help , man , info – is used to get help for command

e.g. -> command –help

     -> man command

     ->  info command

Basic Usage of Linux

Logging into Linux


2 types

1. Virtual Consoles (Text based / Command Line Interface (CLI) )
2. Graphical Consoles (Display Manager / Graphical User Interface (GUI) )


--> There are two ways to enter in linux system as shown above now we can switch in between these two by using

Ctrl + Alt + F7  ==> for GUI

and

Ctrl +Alt + F[1 to 6]  ==> for CLI

More terminals can also be opened using script inittab script

- Normally there are 6 command line consoles and 1 graphical console
- Graphical Console is called X Window System
  - 2 desktop environment are there in Linux OS
        1. GNOME - the default environment named - GNU Network Object Model Environment
        2. KDE - an alternate desktop Environment named - K Desktop Environment (It is windows like environment)

- when we are in CLI mode we can switch into graphical be using Ctrl + Alt + F7 as well as using command startx
- For changing password
  command is passwd
- And we can go from Gnome --Navigate as....follow
   System -> Preferences -> About me -> click Change Password and provide new password giving old one
- command id shows the information of current user else we can find for other user by typing  id username
- root is called  - admin or - administrator or - superuser or - privileged user other are unprivileged or Normal users in Every linux system

--> Login using Login name and password
- Every user is given its home directory and personal storage space in /home/user folder

questions are allowed


--
Krunal Patel

B.E. Electronics
RHCE

Operating System in Linux

As we are knowing .....

Linux is just the Kernel.
And Kernel is the communicator between hardware and software in simple terms

Open Source :

Source Code is available to everyone
So it can be re modify and redistributable.....
Ex. Fedora, Ubuntu etc...

Freeware :

Freeware means it is free available but not the program or source code is available to all
So its not redistributable
Its just open to use or say free to use only

And main terminology

--> Linux is Kernel
--> Unix or Minix are CLI OS
--> Redhat,Fedora,Opensuse,Mandriva etc... are GUI OS

Linux Principle

-> Everything is File
-> Small,Single purpose programs
-> Configuration data is stored in text files
-> Multiuser Multi tasking capabilities
-> Ability to perform complex tasks



--
Krunal Patel

B.E. Electronics
RHCE

Hello and Welcome to the World of Linux where Linux is our topic and We are the teachers....

Let's learn together ............. LINUX

What could be done with Linux
How to Use everything using Linux on Computers...
How I can make Linux my Primary OS
How should I become tension free of Paying for Softwares...
And major..
How can I be free from Viruses...??????????

Any Solutions?

Yes Solutions are here my dear.... Go Linux Use Linux And free from Problems and make easy your life.....

Its me

Krunal Patel
B.E. Electronics
RHCE

who is going to show you the power of Linux against any Operating Systems..

Be free..
Sit comfortably
Linux is started to enter in your PC now....
So no worries for any problems.....

Jay Swaminarayan